Учебная работа № /7772. «Реферат Экономика Великобритании на англ — The Leading Br. of Economy

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The total number
of anti-dumping procedures imposed upon Russia has reached 41,More than a half
of them (22) are qualified as openly discriminatory cases or unjustified claims
by the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations.

In the summer of 1995 the
first round of negotiations between the Russian delegation and the WTO’s
Working Group on Russia took place in Geneva,Members of the Working Group
apprised information on foreign trade regulations stated in the Russian
Memorandum as exhaustive enough.

An outcome of the second
round taking place from December 4 to 7 of 1995 was the completion of
discussion of the Russian Memorandum on the foreign trade regime as concerns
trade in goods,Besides, the first discussion on special annexes to the
Memorandum embracing protection of intellectual property rights, trade in
services and trade-related investment measures was held,At the same time, the
WTO member countries have reserved the right to revert to a detailed discussion
on three key issues: if state-owned trade organizations exist in Russia (Moscow
denies this); import licensing; subsidizing of external operations,However,
even now they agree in principle that the Russian legislation is in accordance
with the WTO’s rules and norms in these areas of the foreign trade regulation.

There are no apparent
opponents to Russia’s accession to the WTO, since the world trade, especially
in the area of trade in raw materials, cannot be regulated without
participation of Russia,However, the admission of Russia may be surrounded by
a number of additional obligations not directly following from the WTO
requirements,Bilateral consultations held in Geneva have shown that Russia
will face some complications in the course of tariff negotiations.

On the whole, the outcome
of the second round of Geneva talks has been successful for Russia.

2,Regulation of External Economic
Activities

In 1995 certain changes
were introduced to the mechanism of the state regulation of the foreign trade.
In the first half of 1995 the state regulation of oil exports was substantially
amended: quotas and licenses in oil exports were abolished alongside with
preferences (with exclusion of supply pursuant to intergovernmental agreements)
while export duties on oil and oil products were significantly reduced; certain
oil products were excluded from the list of strategically important
commodities,Producers’ access to channels allowing transportation of oil to
other countries (pipelines and terminals in sea ports) became a natural
restraint on exports.

The list of strategically
important raw commodities was shortened and the institution of special
exporters was abolished altogether,The system of contracts’ registration
became the main instrument of control over exports,Individual preferences
granted to participants of external economic activities were abolished,
excluding those issued in accordance with the laws of the Russian Federation.

The law «On State
Regulation of Foreign Trade» adopted in July came into force in October.
The law stipulated what authority in this area shall be with the President, the
Government and the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations,The exclusiveness of
the MFER’s position was emphasized by the fact that only it was vested with the
right to license import and export transactions subject to quantitative
restrictions or to approval procedures.

As pursuant to the law,
the Russian Government shall submit a program of foreign trade development
together with a draft of the Federal budget for the Parliament’s approval.
Alongside with other provisions this program shall embrace customs tariff rates
planned for the year in question as well as the band of their possible
fluctuation, thus making the foreign trade more predictable,The Government has
the right to introduce export and import quantitative restrictions on national
security grounds, to comply with international agreements or to protect the
domestic market, however, these measures shall be announced not less than 3
months prior to their actual introduction,The law envisages a possibility to
introduce state monopoly for trade in certain products»